The Epistle, or Letter, to the Romans is the longest of St. Paul’s letters and one of the most important theologically. Because the letters in the New Testament are arranged according to length, Romans is placed first among Paul’s epistles.
Romans was probably the last of Paul’s surviving letters to be written. He wrote it between 54 and 58 A.D., while he was in Corinth preparing to deliver a collection for the Christians in need in Jerusalem (Romans 15:25–27). Afterward, Paul planned to visit Rome on his way to Spain (Romans 15:28).
Following his greeting and thanksgiving, Paul explains humanity’s need for redemption (Romans 1:18–3:20). He then describes God’s saving work through Christ, including the nature of salvation (Romans 3:21–4:25) and the new life made possible through Christ (Romans 5:1–8:39). Paul next discusses the role of Israel in God’s plan of salvation (Romans 9–11). The letter concludes with practical teachings about Christian living, along with several personal remarks and greetings (Romans 12–16).
The Letter to the Romans continues to be an important part of the Church’s liturgical life. It is read during the weeks following Pentecost and on various other occasions. Selections from Romans 6:3–11, for example, are included in the sacramental liturgy of Baptism and Chrismation.